https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Index ${session.getAttribute("locale")} 5 https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:49006 Wed 03 May 2023 12:17:18 AEST ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:47794 Tue 31 Jan 2023 15:19:00 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:46669 Brachyspira aalborgi type strain, 513A. Also, 16S analysis of the mucosa-associated microbiota was performed in the cases and nonspirochetosis controls. We found one isolate to be of the species Brachyspira pilosicoli; all remaining isolates were of the species Brachyspira aalborgi. Besides displaying extensive genetic heterogeneity, the isolates harbored several mucin-degrading enzymes and other virulence-associated genes that could confer a pathogenic potential in the human colon. We also showed that 16S amplicon sequencing using standard primers for human microbiota studies failed to detect Brachyspira due to primer incompatibility. IMPORTANCE This is the first report of whole-genome analysis of clinical isolates from individuals with colonic spirochetosis. This characterization provides new opportunities in understanding the physiology and potentials of these bacteria that densely colonize the gut in the individuals infected. The observation that standard 16S amplicon primers fail to detect colonic spirochetosis may have major implications for studies searching for associations between members of the microbiota and clinical conditions such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and should be taken into consideration in project design and interpretation of gastrointestinal tract microbiota in population-based and clinical settings.]]> Tue 29 Nov 2022 08:39:26 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:38873 Bacteroides species and describe the antimicrobial resistance biogeography along the intestine. We also detail which species, at which locations, are involved with the tryptophan/indole pathway, whose malfunctioning has been linked to pathologies including inflammatory bowel disease. Our study thus provides invaluable resources for investigating mechanisms connecting gut microbiota and host pathophysiology.]]> Tue 22 Feb 2022 16:36:25 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:46068 Thu 10 Nov 2022 14:23:04 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:36098 Thu 06 Feb 2020 11:23:06 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:46842 Thu 01 Dec 2022 16:04:34 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:12384 Sat 24 Mar 2018 08:18:00 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:18602 Sat 24 Mar 2018 08:01:04 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:19968 Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:58:31 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:20622 Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:55:47 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:29828 P < .001), and diverticulosis was rare in participants younger than 40 years (0.7%). All participants with diverticulosis had sigmoid involvement. Participants with diverticulosis were more likely to report loose stools (odds ratio [OR], 1.88; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.20–2.96), urgency (OR, 1.64; 95% CI, 1.02–2.63), passing mucus (OR, 2.26; 95% CI, 1.08–4.72), and a high stool frequency (OR, 2.02; 95% CI, 1.11–3.65). Diverticulosis was associated with abdominal pain (OR, 2.10; 95% CI, 1.01–4.36; P = .047) and diarrhea-predominant IBS (OR, 9.55; 95% CI, 1.08–84.08; P = .04) in participants older than 60 years. The presence of anxiety and depression and self-rated health were similar in participants with and without diverticulosis. Conclusions: The prevalence of diverticulosis is age-dependent. Diverticulosis is associated with diarrhea in subjects across all age ranges. In subjects older than age 60, diverticulosis is associated with abdominal pain and diarrhea-predominant IBS/]]> Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:40:52 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:28377 Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:36:05 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:26349 Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:35:54 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:27399 Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:34:09 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:27132 Brachyspira in colonic biopsies, is uncommon and considered of doubtful significance. We aimed to determine the prevalence of CS in the general population, identify subtle colon pathologies, and evaluate a link with symptoms of IBS. Colonoscopy was performed in 745 subjects (aged 19-70 years, mean age 51 years, 43% male) with biopsies (ileum and 4 colonic sites) from a random population sample, Stockholm, Sweden, who completed a validated questionnaire of gastrointestinal symptoms; IBS was identified by Rome III criteria. CS was identified by histology and immunohistochemistry. In a general population, 17 individuals (2.28%; 95% confidence interval, 1.2%-3.5%) were diagnosed as having CS by histology; 6 (35%) had IBS. CS was always present in the sigmoid colon, but only 14 rectal biopsies. Eosinophils were increased in colon biopsies in CS cases versus controls, in the transverse (P =.02), sigmoid colon (P =.001), and rectum (P =.0005) with subepithelial eosinophil clusters (P =.053). Lymphoid follicles (at any site) were present in 13 CS (P =.0003). There was a 3-fold increased risk of IBS in CS (odds ratio, 3.59; 95% confidence interval, 1.27-10.11; P =.015). Polyps and diverticular disease were similar in CS cases and controls. The prevalence of CS in a general population is 2% and associated with nonconstipating IBS. Colonic eosinophilia with lymphoid follicles may signify the presence of CS.]]> Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:33:02 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:24010 Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection from Western countries, guidelines for the management of uninvestigated dyspepsia generally recommend that the "test and treat" strategy should be avoided in favor of empiric proton-pump inhibitor therapy in younger patients (on average < 50 years of age) without alarm symptoms and signs. The prevalence of H. pylori infection has fallen from about 30% to about 10% in Sweden and other countries. We aimed to explore whether the rationale for test and treat is relevant in contemporary clinical practice. Materials and Methods: In settings with an infection rate in the adult population of 30% and 10%, we modeled the positive and negative predictive values for indirect (nonendoscopy) tests on current H. pylori infection with a presumed sensitivity and specificity of 95%. We then calculated the difference in false-negative and false-positive test outcome, and eradication prescription rates in the two scenarios. Results: While the positive predictive value for the test decreased from 0.89 to 0.68 when the prevalence of H. pylori fell from 30% to 10%, there were only 1% more false-negative tests and 1% less false-positive tests. The eradication prescription rate would decrease by 18% with a 10% prevalence rate. Conclusion: The recommendation to stop applying "test and treat" at lower prevalence rates of H. pylori should be reconsidered. The test and treat strategy is the preferred approach for most patients who present with dyspepsia.]]> Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:16:44 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:23838 Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection may be declining but there is a lack of recent longitudinal population studies. We evaluated the changing epidemiology over a 23-year period in Sweden. Materials and methods: In 1989, the validated Abdominal Symptom Questionnaire (ASQ) was mailed to a random sample of inhabitants (ages 22-80 years) in a Swedish community, and 1097 (87%) responded. H. pylori serology was analysed in a representative subsample (n = 145). Twenty-three years later, the ASQ was mailed again using similar selection criteria, and 388 out of 1036 responders had an upper endoscopy with assessment of H. pylori and corpus atrophy status. Results: The prevalence of positive H. pylori serology decreased from 37.9% (1989) to 15.8% (2012), corresponding to a decrease in odds of 75% per decade (odds ratio (OR): 0.25; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.11-0.59, p = 0.001) independent of age, gender, body mass index (BMI) and level of education, with a pattern consistent with a birth cohort effect. The prevalence increased with increasing age (p = 0.001). The prevalence of H. pylori on histology in 2012 was 11.4% (95% CI 8.6-15.0). The prevalence of corpus atrophy on serology and/or histology in 2012 was 3.2% (95% CI 1.8-5.5); all cases were ≥57 years old. Conclusion: The stomach is healthier in 2012 compared with 1989. H. pylori prevalence in adults has decreased over the last two decades to a level where clinical management might be affected.]]> Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:12:10 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:48303 Mon 15 May 2023 10:42:18 AEST ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:41838 Mon 15 Aug 2022 10:14:15 AEST ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:39241 P = 0.022 adjusted for age, sex, and smoking). Cecal IELs were increased in IBS—diarrhea (relative risk ratio = 2.03, 95% confidence interval 1.13–3.63, P = 0.017). No difference was observed in alpha diversity of MaM or fecal microbiota based on IEL count. There was no difference in beta diversity of the MaM according to IEL count in the terminal ileal (TI) (P = 0.079). High TI IEL counts associated with a significant expansion of the genus Blautia (P = 0.024) and unclassified Clostridiales (P = 0.036) in colon MaM. Discussion: A modest but significant increase in IELs was observed in IBS vs. controls in a population-based setting. Subtle TI and cecal inflammation may play a pathogenic role in IBS but needs confirmation. Modest but discernible differences in the colonic MaM were seen according to TI IEL count but not IBS status.]]> Fri 27 May 2022 14:39:27 AEST ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:49999 Fri 23 Jun 2023 11:40:47 AEST ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:39693 Fri 17 Jun 2022 16:07:04 AEST ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:49401 Fri 12 May 2023 14:41:29 AEST ]]>